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OhioLINK History of Philosophy Website
John R. Shook
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
Corning Community College
1 Academic Drive
Corning, New York 14870
shook@corning-cc.edu
The purpose of this guide is to help the philosopher and philosophy student with one of the bothersome tasks of research: finding philosophical and philosophy-related books in the library. It may also answer some questions for the curious library browser who, like myself, has wondered at the arrangements on the library shelves.
Since this guide was first created (see the story below) the Philosophy Documentation Center has announced a forthcoming publication titled "Library of Congress Subject Headings in Philosophy." I have no knowledge of this work beyond their catalog description: "thesaurus of philosophical terms compiled from Library of Congress subject headings," so it might cover similar territory as my guide. If so, the high quality of all the Center's publications will no doubt inhere in that work as well, and in the meantime, I offer this guide to all who can use it. My only request is that my name be kept on any copies made.
Four years ago, while I was a graduate student at SUNY at Buffalo, I originally prepared this guide in response to my own confusion while doing research. This guide is reproduced, without change, in the text below. The stimulus to prepare it arose as I would accidentally find relevant books by chance afterwards, despite having done what I thought was an exhaustive subject search through the on-line catalog system. As I looked into the explanation why books similar in content could be categorized so differently, and placed stacks apart, the Library of Congress Subject Guide became helpful and ultimately was the only explanation for the seemingly haphazard way books are organized in libraries. I created this guide to eliminate the fine detail in that guide and to have a portable, permanent version. Other graduate students became intrigued and related that they also occasionally wondered about book organization, and invariable they wanted a copy of the guide. Their unanimous testimony as to its helpfulness has convinced me that something like it would be a needed supplement to the regular routes of research.
The Library of Congress publishes its classification, revisions, and instructions to its use on a regular basis to help other libraries with their collections. This guide tries to distill this information down to a manageable level suitable for an introduction to the classification. It begins with an overview of the classification and how to use it. Then the method used to classify philosophy is summarized. The bulk of this guide is a condensed version of the Philosophy classification volume. Also provided are lists of philosophy-related topics and where they are located.
The Library of Congress grew steadily from its inception in 1800. It required a new scheme of cataloguing by the 1890's, as the original scheme (created by Thomas Jefferson) was inadequate for the collection of nearly a million books. Dewey's Decimal Classification was deemed too inflexible for the Library's rate of growth, but Charles Cutter was willing to modify his Expansive Classification to suit the Library. From 1904 on, the Library of Congress has developed its classification and published revisions.
The Library of Congress classification roughly follows groupings of the humanities, social sciences, fine arts, natural sciences, and physical sciences. It divides knowledge into 21 classes, with each class further broken down from the general to the specific subject. The Library's subject specialists develop schedules for each class, which determine their scope, content, and corresponding call numbers. The classes are as follows:
| Class Letter | Subject |
|---|---|
| A | General Works |
| B | Philosophy. Religion. |
| C | Auxiliary Sciences of History |
| D | History. The Old World. |
| E | North & South American History |
| G | Geography. Anthropology. |
| H | Social Science |
| J | Political Science |
| K | Law |
| L | Education |
| M | Music |
| N | Art |
| P | Language. Literature. |
| Q | Science |
| R | Medicine |
| S | Agriculture |
| T | Technology |
| U | Military Science |
| V | Naval Science |
| Z | Books |
The schedules consist of subject headings and their corresponding call number range. Subject headings are topics which have been chosen to divide and subdivide the class. They are nested inside other subject headings, so that broad topics are broken down into successively narrower topics. For example, the topic of Ancient Chinese philosophy is a subject heading with the call number range of B 125-128, and is within the call number range for the topic of Ancient philosophy. The topic of Yin-Yang has its own subject heading and call number range of B 127.Y56.A-Z, which indicates that it falls within the topic of Ancient Chinese philosophy. Not every conceivable topic is also a subject heading, though the Library will create new subject headings as acquisitions demand; i.e., if new books cannot be reasonably matched with the present subject headings.
B - BJ was reserved for Philosophy, and the schedules were first prepared in 1910. Influences from that time remain, as can be seen in the inclusion of psychology and etiquette. Philosophy's schedules deviate from normal procedure by giving some individual philosophers their own subject headings. Instead of strictly classifying an author's books by subject, some philosophers' works are collected together under their names.
Library of Congress practice dictates that subject heading deletions are rare, and additions nearly so. Thus the subject headings reflect to a large degree the field of philosophy as it was before WWII. A well-known recent philosopher will find his or her works scattered by subject (even beyond the class of philosophy) while a now obscure philosopher's works are safely collected together. The outline for philosophy is as follows:
B Philosophy (General) 1-52 Periodicals. Societies. Dictionaries. 53-68 Methodology. Relation to other topics. 69-99 General Works. Translations. 105 Special Topics 108-708 Ancient (600 BC - 430 AD) 720-765 Medieval (430 - 1450 AD) 770-785 Renaissance 790-5739 Modern (1450 AD - ) BC Logic BD Speculative Philosophy 10-41 General Introductions to Philosophy 95-131 Metaphysics 143-236 Epistemology 240-255 Methodology 300-450 Ontology 493-701 Cosmology BF Psychology (not covered in this guide) BH Aesthetics BJ Ethics 1-28 Periodicals. Societies. Collected Works. 37-69 Methodology. Relation to other topics. 71-977 History 991-1185 General Works. Treatises. Advanced textbooks. 1188-1295 Religious ethics 1298-1392 Evolutionary, Genetic, Monistic ethics. 1400-1500 Special topics 1518-1697 Individual ethics. Virtues and Vices. 1801-2195 Social ethics. Etiquette.Some further explanatory notes are needed.
1. The distinction in use between classes B and PA (Ancient Literature)
for philosophical works by Greek and Latin writers is as follows:
In Class B:
2. Each country or major historical period within a country is subdivided as follows: Collected works, General works, Special topics A - Z, Individual philosophers A - Z.
3. If a philosopher has an individual subject heading with a range greater than one number, the subject is subdivided as follows:
4. For philosophers with a subject heading range of one number or less this subdivision is used:
5. Periodicals, serials, societies, congresses, dictionaries, general works, and collected works are generally subdivided by language, and then within each language the topic is further subdivided by historical period.
6. The order for works arranged by language: Greek, Latin, English, German, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Slavic, Other A - Z.
7. Call numbers enclosed in [ ] gives a location of bibliographies for a
philosopher. If no number is given, check Z 8000-8999, where bibliographies
are alphabetically arranged.
1-8 Periodicals. Serials. 11-18 Societies 20 Congresses 20.6-29 Collected works 31 Yearbooks 35 Directories 40-48 Dictionaries 49-50 Terminology. Nomenclature. 51 Encyclopedias 51.4-51.8 Historiography 51.4 General works .6 Biography of historians .8 Pictorial works 52 Study and teaching. Research. 53-68 Methodology. Relation to other topics. 53 General works 54 Electronic data processing 56 Theology and Religion. Cf. BL 51 59 Civilization. Cf. CB 19 61 History. Cf. D 16.7+ 63 Economics and Sociology. Cf. HB 72 65 Political Science. Cf. JA 71+ 66 Literature. Cf. PN 49 67 Science. Cf. Q 173+ 68 Curiosa. Miscellanea. (cf. GV 1507.P43) 69-99 General works 103 Elementary textbooks, outlines, syllabi, etc. 105 Special topics A - Z .A3 Absurd .E95 Expression .P4 Peace .A35 Act .F3 Facts .P54 Play .A8 Authenticity .G63 Goal .P6 Positivism .B64 Body, human .H8 Humanism .P7 Principle .C48 Construction .I3 Ideals .P8 Purity .C5 Continuity .I54 Innate ideas .Q3 Quality .C9 Cycles .J87 Justice .Q34 Quantity .D37 Depth .L3 Law .R25 Reference .D4 Description .L45 Liberty. Freedom. .R27 Reflection .D47 Determinism .M4 Meaning .R3 Relevance .D5 Difference .M6 Monism .R4 Representation .D56 Disposition .M65 Movement .S55 Simplicity .D57 Dissymetry .N34 Negativity .S7 Style .E5 Engagement .N4 New, The .T7 Tradition .E65 Essence .N65 Norm .U5 Universals .E7 Events .O7 Order .V5 Violence .E75 Exact .O74 Organism .W6 Women as .E8 Existentialism .P35 Participation Philosophers .E9 Experience .W65 Wonder108-708 Ancient Philosophy
108 Collected works
110-115 General works
118 Nature philosophy of the ancients
121-162 Orient (600 BC - 1600 AD) (for 1600 AD - see B 5000-)
121-123 General works
125-128 China
130-133 India
135-138 Japan
139.1-4 Korea
140-143 Egypt
145-148 Assyria-Babylonia
149.2-23 Armenia
150-153 Iran
154-162 By Religion
154-159 Judaism
162 Buddhism
162.5 Jainism
162.6 Shinto
162.7 Taoism
165-708 Occident (600 BC - 430 AD)
165-491 Greece
165 Collected works
168-175 General works
178-179 Relation to other topics
178 Greek life and literature (cf. PA 3015.P4)
179 Oriental philosophy
181 Modern thought
185 Nature philosophy
187 Other special topics A - Z
188-258 First Period
188 General works
193-200 Special topics
193 Atomism
196 Eleatics
199 Pythagoreanism (cf. BF 1623.P9)
200 Other special topics A - Z
204-258 Philosophers A - Z
220-224 Heraclitus
225-229 Leucippus
240-244 Pythagorus
250-254 Thales
265-320 Second Period
265 General works
271 Eclecticism
274 Elean-Eretian school
279 Hedonism (Cyrenaicism)
285 Megarian school
288 Sophism. Sophists.
293-320 Philosophers A - Z
295-299 Democritus
310-318 Socrates
335-491 Third Period
335 General works
338 The Academy
341 Peripatetics
350-398 Plato [Z 8696] (cf. JC 71.P2)
(original texts PA 4279-80)
400-491 Aristotle [Z 8044] (original texts PA 3890-95)
Politica cf. JC 71.P2; De Poetica cf. PN 1040;
Meterologica cf. QC 859; Physica cf. Q 151;
On Animalium cf. QL 41; De Coelo cf. QB 41;
Oeconomica cf. HB 77; Rhetorica cf. PN 173.
504-626 Greco-Roman
504 Collected works
505 General works
508 Cynicism
511 Dogmatism
512 Epicurianism
513 Meaning
514 Moralists
517 Neo-Platonism
519 Neo-Pythagoreanism
522 Peripatetics
525 Skepticism (Pyrrhonism)
528 Stoicism
531 Syncretism
535- 626 Philosophers A - Z
537 Carneades
540-543 Chrysippus
550-553 Cicero [Z 8170]
560-563 Epictetus [Z 8267]
570-573 Epicurus
580-583 Marcus Aurelius [Z 8047.8] (cf. DG 297)
593 Numenius
595 Panaetius
600-603 Plutarch [Z 8698.5]
610-613 Pyrrho of Elis
615-618 Seneca
620-623 Sextus Empiricus
630-708 Alexandrian, Early Christian
630 Collected works
631 General works
635 Apologists
638 Gnosticism
641 Manicheism
645 Patristic Neo-Platonism
647 Patristic Stoicism
650-708 Philosophers A - Z (cf. BR 60+)
655 Augustine, Saint [Z 8047.7]
659 Boethius [Z 8106.3]
666 Clement, Saint
667.D4 Dionysius Areopagita
669 Iamblichus
674 Justin Martyr
Origen (see BR 65.O5)
690 Philo Judaeus
693 Plotinus
697 Porphyry
701 Proclus
705 Tertullian
720-765 Medieval Philosophy (430 AD - 1450 AD)
720 Collected works 721 General works 723 Influence of Arabic philosophy 725 Influence of Aristotle 726 Influence of Northern Europe 728-738 Special topics 728 Mysticism 731 Nominalism and Realism 732 Platonism 734 Scholasticism 737 Summism 738 Other special topics A - Z 740-753 Arabian, Islamic, and Moorish philosophy 749 Averroes 751 Avicenna 755-759 Jewish philosophy 759.A5 Avicebron 759.M3 Maimonides 765 European, Byzantine philosophers 765.A2 Abelard (cf. PA 8201) 765.A4 Albertus Magnus [Z 8021.4] 765.A8 Anselm 765.B2 Bacon, Roger [Z 8062] 765.B7 Bonaventure, Saint 765.D7 Duns Scotus [Z 8248] 765.J3 Joannes Scotus Erigena 765.N5 Nicholas of Cusa [Z 8626.4] 765.O3 Ockham, William 765.P3 Peter Lombard 765.R7 Roscelin 765.T5 Thomas Aquinas [Z 8870]770-785 Renaissance
770 Collected works 775 General works 776 By region or country A - Z 778-780 Special topics 778 Humanism 779 Skepticism 780 Other special topics A - Z 781-785 Philosophers A - Z 783 Bruno, Giordano [Z 8126.5] 785.E6 Erasmus [Z 8268] 785.G2 Galileo [Z 8321] (cf. QB 3, QB 36.B2, QC 123) 785.L395 Leonardo da Vinci [Z8502] 785.M2 Machiavelli [Z 8534] (cf. JC 143.M14) 785.M7 Montaigne [Z 8589] (cf. PQ 1641+) 785.M8 More, Thomas [Z 8592.8] 785.P5 Pico della Mirandola 785.S82 Suarez, Francisco [Z 8852.5]790-5739 Modern Philosophy (1450 AD - )
790 Collected works
791-798 General works
799 Comparative philosophy
801-804 General works by period
801 17th century
802 18th century
803 19th century
804 20th century
808-843 Special topics and schools A - Z
808 Agnosticism (cf. BL 2700+)
808.2 Alienation
808.5 Analysis
808.6 Animism (cf. BF 150+)
808.7 Banality
809 Conservatism
809.15 Convention
809.3 Criticism
809.7 Dialectic
809.8 Dialectical materialism (cf. D 16.9, HX 56)
809.83 Laws
809.832 Transformation of quantity to quality
809.833 Unity, or conflict of opposites
809.834 Negation of negation
809.84 Categories
810 Dogmatism
812 Dualism
814 Eclecticism
816 Empiricism (Associationalism)
817 Epiphanism
818 Evolution
819 Existentialism
820 General semantics (Korzybski, Alfred)
821 Humanism
823 Idealism. Transcendentalism.
823.3 Ideology
824 Individualism (cf. HM 136)
824.15 Interaction
824.18 Intersubjectivity
824.2 Irrationalism
824.3 Isolation
824.4 Liberty. Freedom. (cf. JC 585+)
824.6 Logical Positivism
825 Materialism
825.2 Meaninglessness
826 Monadology
827 Monism
828 Mysticism
828.2 Naturalism
828.3 Nihilism
828.35 Operationalism
828.36 Ordinary-language philosophy
828.4 Pansophy
828.45 Perception
828.5 Personalism
829 Pessimism and Optimism
829.5 Phenomenology
830 Pluralism
830.5 Polarity
831 Positivism
831.3 Practice
831.5 Pragmatics
832 Pragmatism
832.3 Private language problem
833 Rationalism (cf. BL 2700+)
834 Reaction
835 Realism
836 Relationism
837 Skepticism
839 Scholasticism. Neo-Thomism.
840 Semantics. Meaning.
841 Spiritualism (cf. BL 200)
841.4 Structuralism
842 Theory
843 Utilitarianism (cf. B 1571)
850-945 United States
850 Collected works
851-855 General works
858 Elementary textbooks, outlines, syllabi, etc.
861 Special topics A - Z
861.L52 Liberty. Freedom.
865-876 Colonial to 1750
865 General works
868 Special topics A - Z
869-876 Philosophers A - Z
870-874 Edwards, Jonathan [Z 8255.5]
878-890 Revolutionary to 1800
878 General works
879 Special topics
879.5-890 Philosophers A - Z
880-884 Franklin, Benjamin [Z 8313]
885 Jefferson, Thomas [Z 8452]
893-931 Early 19th century to 1860
901 General works
903-906 Special topics
903 Scotch influence
905 Transcendentalism. Concord school.
906 Other special topics A - Z
908-931 Philosophers A - Z
Emerson, R.W. (see PS 1600+)
925-928 McCosh, James [Z 8532]
931.T4 Thoreau, Henry David [Z 8873]
934-945 Later 19th and 20th centuries
934 Collected works
935-936 General works
938-944 Special topics
938 Evolution
941 Idealism
943 Monism
944 Other special topics A - Z
944.M47 Metaphysics
944.N3 Naturalism
944.R4 Realism
945 Philosophers A - Z
945.C16 Carnap, Rudolf
945.C2 Carus, Paul
945.C5 Cohen, Morris
945.D4 Dewey, John [Z 8228] (cf. LB 875.D35)
945.J2 James, William [Z 8447.5]
945.M46 Mead, George
945.P4 Peirce, Charles
945.R6 Royce, Josiah
945.S2 Satayana, George
945.W7 Wright, Chauncey
981-995 Canada
1001-1084 Latin America. By region or country.
1111-1674 England
1111-1118 General works
1121 Special topics A - Z
1131-1299 17th century
1131 General works
1133 Special topics A - Z
1148-1299 Philosophers A - Z
1150-1199 Bacon, Francis [Z 8061.2]
1203-1248 Hobbes, Thomas [Z 8409] (cf. JC 153, QA 33, QC 161)
1250-1298 Locke, John [Z 8513.45]
1299.N3 Newton, Isaac [Z 8623]
1300-1398 18th century
1300 Collected works
1301 General works
1302 Special topics A - Z
1302.5-1398 Philosophers A - Z
1303-1349 Berkeley, George [Z 8090]
1385-1388 Shaftesbury, Anthony
1401-1584 Scottish philosophers, 18th & early 19th centuries
1401 General works
1402 Special topics
1403-1559 Philosophers A - Z
1410-1418 Ferguson, Adam
1420-1428 Hamilton, Sir William
1450-1499 Hume, David [Z 8427.3] (cf. JC 176.H9)
1510-1518 Mackintosh, Sir James
1530-1538 Reid, Thomas
1545 Smith, Adam [Z 8820.2]
1550-1558 Stewart, Dugald
1561-1612 19th and 20th centuries
1561-1567 General works
1568 Neo-Hegelianism
1569 Rationalism
1571 Utilitarianism
1573-1612 Earlier 19th century to 1870
1573 General works
1574-1612 Philosophers A - Z
1574.B3 Bentham, Jeremy
1583 Coleridge, Samuel [Z 8182]
1600-1608 Mill, J.S. [Z 8574.8] (cf. JC 223.M657+)
1614-1674 Later 19th and 20th centuries
1614 Collected works
1615 General works
1616 Special topics A - Z
1618-1674 Philosophers A - Z
1620-1623 Darwin, Charles [Z 8217]
1630-1638 Green, Thomas
1647.M7 Moore, G.E. [Z 8592.6]
1649.R9 Russell, Bertrand [Z 8765.48]
1650-1658 Spencer, Herbert
1801-2403 France
1801-1805 General works
1809 Special topics A - Z
1809.M3 Materialism
1809.M7 Moralists
1815-1907 17th century
1815 General works
1818 Special topics A - Z
1824-1907 Philosophers A - Z
1830-1878 Descartes, Rene [Z 8227.7]
1880-1888 Gassendi, Pierre [Z 8325.5]
1890-1898 Malebranche, Nicolas
1900-1904 Pascal, Blaise [Z 8662]
1911-2179 18th century
1911 General works
1914-1925 Special topics
1914 Ideology
1917 Skepticism
1921 Traditionalism
1925 Other special topics A - Z
1928-2179 Philosophers A - Z
1930-1938 Alembert, Jean d'
1960-1968 Buffon, Georges comte de
1970-1978 Cabanis, Pierre
1980-1988 Condillac, Etienne de
1990-1998 Condorcet, Marie marquis de
2000-2008 Destutt de Tracy, Antoine comte
2010-2018 Diderot, Denis
2040-2048 Helvetius, Claude
2050-2058 Holbach, Paul baron d'
2060-2068 La Mettrie, Julien de
2080-2088 Maupertuis, Pierre de
2090-2098 Montesquieu, Charles baron de [Z 8590]
2130-2138 Rousseau, J.J. [Z 8763] (cf. JC 179.R7,
LA 121, LB 511+, PQ 2030+)
2150-2158 Turgot, Anne Robert baron de l'Aulne
2170-2178 Voltaire, F.M.A. [Z 8945]
2185-2417 19th century
2185 General works
2188 Special topics
2189-2417 Philosophers A - Z
2200-2249 Comte, Auguste [Z 8189.52]
2260-2268 Cousin, Victor
2320-2328 Maine de Biran, Pierre
2340-2348 Renan, Ernest [Z 8738]
2350-2358 Renouvier, Charles
2405-2408 Taine, Hippolyte [Z 8858]
2421-2430 20th century
2421 General works
2424 Special topics A - Z
2430 Philosophers A - Z
2430.B34 Beauvoir, Simone de
2430.B37 Bergson, Henri [Z 8089.9]
2430.B58 Blondel, Maurice
2430.C35 Camus, Albert [Z 8143.8]
2430.M25 Marcel, Gabriel [Z 8549.6]
2430.M3 Maritain, Jacques [Z 8550.34]
2430.M376 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice [Z 8570.45]
2430.S3 Sartre, Jean Paul [Z 8784.44]
2430.S37 Schweitzer, Albert
2430.T37 Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre [Z 8863.78]
2521-3396 Germany. Austria.
2521-2525 General works
2528 Special topics.
2543-2611 17th century
2550-2599 Leibniz, Gottfried [Z 8496.18]
2603 Pufendorf, Samuel von
2615-2729 18th century
2690-2693 Mendelssohn, Moses
2694-2698 Nicolai, Christoph
2720-2728 Wolff, Christian (cf. JX 2347+)
2741-3177 Later 18th and early 19th centuries
2741-2743 General works
2745-2748 Special topics
2750-3177 Philosophers A - Z
2750-2799 Kant, Immanuel [Z 8460] (cf. BH 183,
JC 181.K3, JX 1946)
2800-2849 Fichte, J.G. [Z 8293] (cf. DD 199, JC 181.F6+)
2850-2899 Schelling, F.W.J. [Z 8791.8] (cf. BJ 1463,
BL 310, JC 233.S29, N 64)
2900-2949 Hegel, G.W.F. [Z 8394.6] (cf. D16.8, N 64)
2949.5-3177 Other philosophers A - Z
2970-2973 Feuerbach, Ludwig
2975-2979 Fries, Jakob
2987 Goethe, Johann [Z 8350] (cf. PT 2193)
3000-3049 Herbart, J.F. [Z 8398]
3051 Herder, J.G. (cf. PT 2351+)
3055-3059 Jacobi, Friedrich
3065-3069 Maimon, Salomon
3090-3098 Schleirmacher, F.E.D. [Z 8794]
3100-3149 Schopenhauer, Arthur [Z 8795]
3180-3396 Later 19th and 20th centuries
3180 Collected works
3181 General works
3185 Idealism
3188 Materialism
3190 Monism
3191 Naturalism
3192 Neo-Kantianism
3194 Pessimism and Optimism
3197 Positivism
3198-3396 Philosophers A - Z
3200-3208 Avenarius, Richard
3212 Brentano, Franz
3216.D8 Dilthey, Wilhelm [Z 8231.8]
3220-3223 Duhring, Eugen
3224.E6 Engels, Friedrich [Z 8265.8]
3245.F2 Frege, Gottlob
3260-3268 Haeckel, Ernst
3270-3278 Hartmann, Edward von
3279.H45 Heidegger, Martin [Z 8394.95]
3279.H5 Helmholtze, Hermann von
3279.H9 Husserl, Edmund
3279.J3 Jaspers, Karl [Z 8450.17]
3290-3298 Lotze, Hermann
3300-3303 Mach, Ernst
3305.M7 Marx, Karl [Z 8551.67] (cf. HX 39.5)
3309.M2 Meinong, Alexius
3310-3318 Nietzsche, Frederich [Z 8628.85]
3329.S48 Scheler, Max
3340-3343 Strauss, David
3345 Stumph, Carl
3361 Weber, Max [Z 8957]
3371 Wildelband, Wilhelm
3376.W56 Wittgenstein, Ludwig [Z 8974.4]
3380-3388 Wundt, Wilhelm
3500-3515 Greece
3551-3656 Italy
3351 General works
3561 Special topics, A - Z
3561.C3 Cartesianism
3571-3585 17th century
3580-3583 Vico, Giovanni [Z 8941.8]
3591-3598 18th century
3601-3656 19th century
3611.A23 Abbagnano, Nicola [Z 8003.5]
3614.C7 Croce, Benedetto [Z 8199.6]
3620-3623 Galluppi, Pasquale
3625-3628 Gioberti, Vincenzo [Z 8342.6]
3640-3648 Rosmini Serbati, Antonio [Z 8757.8]
3801-4095 Netherlands. Holland.
3900-3949 Geulincx, Arnold
3951-3999 Spinoza, Benedictus [Z 8831]
4151-4175 Belgium
4201-4279 Soviet Union
4240-4248 Grot, Nicolai
4249.L38 Lenin, Vladimir [Z 8500.8]
4301-4495 Scandinavia
4370-4378 Kierkegaard, Soren [Z 8464.25]
4468.S8 Swedenborg, Emanuel [Z 8855]
4511-4598 Spain. Portugal.
4568.O7 Ortega y Gasset, Jose [Z 8646.9]
4568.U5 Unamuno y Jugo, Miguel de [Z 8913.3]
4625-4651 Switzerland
4670-4895 Eastern Europe
5000-5289 Asia, by country
5130-5134 India
5134.G3 Gandhi, Mahatma [Z 8322.7]
5240-5244 Japan
5300-5320 Africa, by region or country
5685-5689 Oceania, by country or island group
5700-5704 Australia
5739 Other A - Z
1 Periodicals. Serials. 4 Societies 5 Congresses 6 Collected works 9 Dictionaries. Encyclopedias. 11-39 History 11-15 General works 11 Through 1800 15 1800 - 21 Special topics .A6 Augmentation .I64 Insolubilia .S9 Syllogisms .I6 Inference .S6 Sophisms .T5 Thesis 25-39 By period 25-32 Ancient 25-26 Oriental 28-29 Greek 31-32 Roman 34-35 Medieval 38-39 Modern 40-48 Special systems and theories 50-59 Methodology. Relation to other topics. 50 General works 51 Speculative philosophy 53 Psychology 55 Ethics 59 Study and Teaching. Research. 60-99 General works. Advanced textbooks. 60-78 Deductive logic 60-66 Early through 1800 71-78 1800 - 80-99 Inductive and empirical logic 80 Early through 1800 91-99 1800 - 101-117 Elementary textbooks, outlines, syllabi, etc. 101-105 Early through 1800 108-117 1800 - 121 Genetic and Evolutionary logic 122 Transcendental logic 126 Many-valued logic 128 First order logic 131-135 Symbolic and mathematical logic 131 Early through 1800 135 1800 - 137-138 Mechanical logical methods 137 Early through 1800 138 1800 - 141 Probability theory (cf. HA 29+, QA 273+, QH 323.5) 143 Plausibility 145 Deontic logic 151-161 Logic for professional classes 151 Lawyers 156 Legislators 161 Other A - Z .B8 Businessmen .P5 Physicians .T4 Teachers 171-199 Special topics 171 Truth and Error 172 Categories 173 Proof 175 Fallacies 177 Reasoning, Argument, etc. 181 Propositions. Judgement. 183 Hypothesis 185 Syllogisms. Enthymeme. Dilemma, etc. 199 Other special topics A - Z .B4 Belief & Doubt .E93 Extension .O6 Opposition .C47 Change .F5 Fictions .P2 Paradox .C5 Commands .F53 First principles .P7 Possibility .C56 Conditionals .F6 Form .P73 Presupposition .C6 Contradiction .I4 Identity .Q4 Question .C66 Counterfactuals .I47 Inference .S5 Signification .D4 Definition .I5 Intention .T4 Tense. Time. .D8 Duality .L6 Logical atomism .T9 Type theory .E58 Entailment .M6 Modality (cf. QA 9.4) .V4 Verification .E7 Equilibrium .N3 Names .V5 Vicious circle .E9 Experience .N4 Negation
10-41 Introductions to philosophy 10-15 Early works to 1800 21-28 1800 - 30-38 Elementary textbooks, outlines, syllabi, etc. 41 Addresses, essays, lectures95-131 Metaphysics
95 Collected works 100-118 General works. Advanced textbooks. 100-108 Early through 1800 111-118 1800 - 125 Metaphysics of the School. Scholastic philosophy. 131 Elementary textbooks. Outlines, etc.143-236 Epistemology
143 Collected works 150-168 General works 150-158 Early through 1800 160-168 1800 - 171 Truth. Error. Certitude. 175 Sociology of knowledge 181 Origin/source of knowledge 182 Criterion 183 Inquiry 185 Encounter 190 Analogy 201 Limits of knowledge 209 Authority 211 The Unknowable 213 Other minds 215 Belief. Faith. 216 Hope 217 Double truth 218 Integration 220 Objectivity 221-232 Relativity of knowledge 221 General works 222 Subjectivity 223 Subject 232 Value. Worth. 233 Perfection 234 Infallibility 235 Abstraction. Generalization. 236 Comparison. Resemblance. Identity.240-255 Methodology
240 History of method 241 Theory, criticism of method 255 Interdisciplinary approach to knowledge300-450 Ontology
300-318 General works
300-308 Early through 1800
310-318 1800 -
331 Being. Nature of reality. Substance.
332 The concrete
336 Entity
340 Situation
348 Perspective
352 Phenomenalism
357 Ontologism
362 Transcendence
372 Becoming. Process.
373 Change
375 The catastrophical
394-395 Unity and Plurality
396 Whole and Parts (cf. BF 202)
397 All
398 Nothing
401 Secret
411-417 Finite and Infinite
411 General works
416 The Absolute
417 Necessity
419-428 The soul. Spirit. Immortality. (cf. BT 740+,
BT 919)
419 Collected works
420-423 General works
426 Preexistence of the soul
428 Soul of animals (cf. BF 660+)
430-435 Life
436 Love
437 Struggle
438 Power
443-445 Birth and Death
450 Philosophical anthropology
493-701 Cosmology
493 Collected works
494-496 History
497 History of microcosm and macrocosm
500-518 General works
500-508 Early through 1800
510-518 1800 -
523 Addresses, lectures, etc.
530-595 Teleology. Causation. Purpose.
530-548 General works
553 Mechanism
555 Theism (cf. BL 220)
558 Pantheism
560 Panpsychism
573 Philosophy of religion
581 Philosophy of nature
591 Cause and Effect
595 Chance
620-701 Space. Time. Matter. Motion.
620 General works
621 Space
626 Space and Matter
632 Space and Time
638 Time
640 The Contemporary
643 Number and Quantity
645 Cosmic harmony
646 Structure of matter (cf. QC 171-179)
648 Matter and Form
652 Matter and Motion. Force.
655 Plurality of worlds. Life on other planets.
(cf. QB 54)
701 Miscellaneous speculations (cf. Q 173)
1-8 Periodicals. Serials. 11-18 Societies 19 Congresses 21-28 Collected works. 39-41 Methodology. Relation to other topics. 39 General works 41 Special methods (cf. BL 65.A4, ML 3845) 56 Dictionaries. Encyclopedias. 61-63 Study and Teaching 63 Individual schools A - Z 81-208 History 81 General works 83 Origins 85 Comparative aesthetics 90-116 Ancient 90 Collected works 91 General works 95 Special aspects 101-102 Orient 108-109 Greece 115-116 Rome 131-136 Medieval 151-208 Modern 151 General works 161-168 16th century 171-178 17th century 181-188 18th century 191-198 19th century 201-208 20th century 220 Juvenile literature 221 By region or country 301 Special topics A - Z .A7 Art for art's sake .I3 The heroic .P3 Particularity .A94 Avant-garde .I55 Ideals .P78 Psychological .C4 Charm .I7 Imitation Aspects .C6 Color .I8 Irony .R5 Rythym .C7 The comic .K5 Kitsch .S4 Sea. Ocean. .C84 Creation .L3 Landscape .S5 Situation .D5 Dilatantism .M4 Metaphor .S65 Space .E8 Experience .M54 Modernism .S7 The sublime .F3 Fantastic .M6 Movement .S8 Symbolism .F6 Form .M9 Myth .S9 Symmetry .G7 Grace .N3 Nature .T7 The tragic .G74 Grotesque .O24 Object .U5 Ugliness .H3 Harmony .O35 Odors
1-8 Periodicals 10 Societies 11-18 General works 19 Congresses 21-28 Collected works. 37-60 Methodology. Relation to other topics. 37 General works 41 Speculative philosophy 43 Logic 44 Language 45 Psychology. Morale. 46 Aesthetics 47 Religion and the Supernatural 49 Teaching 51 History and Sociology 52 Anthropology and Culture 53 Economics 55 Law and Politics 57 Science 59 Technology 60 Astronautics 63 Dictionaries. Encyclopedias. 66-68 Study and Teaching 69 Comparative ethics71-977 History
71-78 General works 84 Special topics A - Z 101-224 Ancient 111-125 Orient. India. 130-149 Near East 160-224 Greece and Rome 231-255 Medieval 271-285 Renaissance 301-977 Modern 301-308 General works 311 18th century 315 19th century 319 20th century 324 Special topics A - Z 351-977 Philosophers. By country. 315-354 United States 401-404 Canada 411-444 Latin America 451-564 South America 601-604 Great Britain 651-654 Scotland 701-704 France 751-759 Germany 801-804 Greece 811-814 Italy 821-844 Belgium, Holland 851-854 Russia 861-894 Scandinavia 901-924 Spain. Portugal. 941-944 Switzerland 961-964 Asia 965-968 China 969-972 Japan 973-976 Korea 977 Other countries A - Z991-1185 General works, treatises, and textbooks.
991-995 Latin 1001-1031 English 1051-1087 French 1101-1125 German 1131-1134 Italian 1135-1138 Russian and Slavic 1141-1144 Spanish and Portuguese 1151-1154 Scandinavian 1161-1164 Swiss 1185 Other languages A - Z1188-1295 Religious ethics
1188 General works 1188.5-1278 Christian ethics (cf. BS 2417.E8, BS 2545.E8) 1279-1286 Jewish ethics 1289 Buddhist ethics 1290 Jaina ethics 1290.5 Sikh ethics 1291-1292 Islamic ethics 1295 Zoroastrian ethics1298-1392 Evolutionary, Genetic, and Monistic ethics
1298 History 1301-1318 General works 1321-1328 Textbooks, outlines, syllabi, etc. 1360 Humanist ethics 1365-1385 Positivistic ethics 1388 Socialist ethics 1390 Communist ethics 1392 Totalitarian ethics1400-1500 Special topics in ethics
1400-1408 Good and Evil 1409 Pain and suffering 1410-1418 Right and wrong 1420-1429 Truth and Falsehood. Lying. 1430-1438 Compromise. Toleration. 1440-1448 Casuistry 1450-1458 Duty. Obligation. Responsibility. 1460-1468 Free will. Determinism. 1469 Power over life and death 1470 Self-realization (cf. BP 605.S35) 1471 Conscience. Guilt. 1472 Intuition 1474 Altruism and Egoism 1475 Sympathy. Compassion. (cf. BF 575.S9) 1476 Forgiveness 1477 Optimism and Pessimism (cf. B 829) 1480-1486 Happiness and Joy 1487-1488 Sorrow. Grief. Despair. 1491 Hedonism and Asceticism 1492 Puritanism 1493-1499 Active v. Meditative life 1500 Other special topics A - Z1518-1697 Individual ethics. Virtues and Vices.
1518-1531 Collected works. General works. 1533 Special virtues A - Z 1534-1535 Special vices A - Z 1545-1697 Practical and applied ethics. Conduct of life, etc. 1545 Periodicals. Societies. Serials. 1546 Dictionaries. Encyclopedias. 1547 History 1548-1595 Collected works. General works. 1597 Ethico-pedagological novels, stories, etc. 1600-1608 The gentleman, the courtier, etc. 1609-1610 Women 1611-1618 Success 1631-1658 Ethics for children 1661-1689 Ethics for young adults 1690 Ethics for the middle-aged 1691 Ethics for the aged 1695 Ethics of the body 1697 Ethics of dress and cleanliness1801-2195 Social ethics. Etiquette. (cf. HN 1+, HQ 728+, HT 265)
1725 Professional ethics 1801 Periodicals. Societies. Serials. 1809 Collected works 1815 Dictionaries. Encyclopedias. 1818 Forms, blanks, etc. 1821 History 1838 Special aspects 1843 Satire, etc. 1850-2007 General works, by country 2018-2019 Religious etiquette 2020 Social secretaries 2021-2078 Etiquette of entertaining 2081-2095 Card etiquette. Stationery. 2100-2115 Etiquette of letter-writing 2120-2128 Etiquette of conversation 2137-2156 Etiquette of travel 2183-2188 Club etiquette 2193-2195 Business etiquette
Other topics related to Philosophy are located as follows, grouped
together in six categories:
AZ 101 The Humanities BF 41-50 Psychology BL 51 Religion BP 595 Anthroposophy BT 40-50 Theology CB 19 Civilization CN 40 Epigraphy D 16.7-9 History G 70 Geography GF 21 Human ecology GN 405 Cultural relativism GN 470 Primitive philosophy GV 342 Athletics GV 706 Sports GV 1507.P43 Philosophical recreations H 61 Social sciences HB 71-71 Economics HM 26-33 Sociology K 201-487 Law LB 2386 Doctor of philosophy degree ML 3800-3920 Music N 61-79 Art P 101-105 Language P 151-295 Grammar PN 45 Literature PN 49 Philosophy in literature PN 6231.P47 Philosophy - Humor PR 2986 William Shakespeare Q 173-5 Science Q325 Conscious automata QA 9 Mathematics QA 269 Game theory QC 6 Physics QH 323.5 Statistical biology QH 331 Biology QH 361 Evolution R 723-725 Medicine T 14 Technology Z 696.U5.B1 Library of Congress classification for Philosophy Z 5000-7999 Bibliographies and Reference Guides (by subject) Z 5069 Aesthetics Z 5873 Ethics Z 6611.P Philosophical Manuscripts Z 7125-7130 Philosophy Z 7821 Philosophy of Religion Z 8000-8999 Bibliographies and References Guides (by individual A - Z)
BL 240.2 Religion and Science BL 2700-2790 Rationalism in Religion BP 134.P5 Koran and Philosophy BQ 282 Buddhism - History -- Philosophy BQ 4040 Buddhism - Philosophy BQ 4440 Buddhism - Knowledge, theory of BR 100-110 Christianity - Philosophy BT 98-108 God, Proof of
BF 41-47 Philosophy of Psychology BF 81-109 History, Origins of Psychology BF 110-118 Early works through 1850 BF 121-149 Works 1850 - BF 150-171 Mind and Body BF 199 Behaviorism BF 203 Gestalt BF 204.5 Phenomenological psychology BF 309-315 Cognition BF 467-475 Time. Space. Causality. BF 608-628 Will. Determinism. QP 376-426 Brain/physiology and psychology QP 411 Consciousness
HQ 767.15 Abortion, Moral and Legal aspects HM 131 Social interaction HM 216 Social ethics HV 4701-4759 Treatment of animals K 3611.T7 Organ donation - Law and Legislation KF 3823 Sick - Legal status LC 268-269 Moral education Q 155.3.E Eugenics - Ethical aspects QH 332 Bioethics QH 442 Genetic engineering - Social aspects R 726 Euthanasia R 850-853 Medical research - Moral aspects R 854-855 Medical technology - Economic aspects RA 410.53 Medical care - Cost -- Moral aspects RA 1067 Abortion TD 171-178 Environmental ethics TP 248.3 Genetic engineering
BF 47-50 Psychology GN 33.6 Anthropology HB 835 Wealth HF 5386-91 Business HV 7924 Police K 123 Legal ethics LB 1779 Teaching NA 1995 Architecture PN 154 Literature PN 2056 Professional acting PN 4797 Journalism R 723-727 Medicine RC 455.2.E8 Psychotherapy RS 100.5 Pharmacy RT 85 Nursing TA 157 Engineering U 22 Military
D 16.9 Historical materialism HB 97.5 Marxian economics HB 501 Capitalism HM 33-36 Political science and Sociology HX Collectivism HX 533 Communism and Philosophy JA 71-84 Political philosophy JC 11-126 Pre-modern political theory JC 71 Greek political theory JC 131-300 Modern political theory JC 301-497 Forms of the State JC 327 Sovereignty JC 336 Social contract JC 500-561 Purpose, function of the state JC 571-628 The State and the Individual JC 571-574 Authority. Individualism. JC 575-578 Equality. Justice. JC 585-599 Liberty JK 1751-1788 Political ethics - Citizenship
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